Recommended resources: Global outpouring

Books

The Welsh Revival inspired a flurry of publishing by eyewitnesses and participants. Our article includes quotes from Arthur Goodrich et al., The Story of the Welsh Revival As Told by Eyewitnesses Together with a Sketch of Evan Roberts and His Message to the World (1905). But also see William T. Stead, The Welsh Revival: A Narrative of Facts (1905); and G. Campbell Morgan, Lessons of the Welsh Revival (1905).

Read about the revival that raged through East Africa in J. E. Church, Quest for the Highest: An Autobiographical Account of the East African Revival (1981). See also John Karanja, Founding an African Faith: Kikuyu African Christianity (1999); Kevin Ward and Emma Wild-Wood, eds., The East African Revival: History and Legacies (2012); James Katarikawe, The East African Revival (2015); and Jason Bruner, Living Salvation in the East African Revival in Uganda (2017).

As for other international awakenings covered here, you may check out George Heber Jones and W. Arthur Noble, The Korean Revival: An Account of the Revival in the Korean Churches in 1907 (1910). See also Peter Wagner and Pablo Deiros, eds., Rising Revival: Firsthand Accounts of the Incredible Argentine Revival (1998); Willis Collins Hoover (trans., Mario G. Hoover), History of Pentecostalism in Chile (1930/2000). Duncan Campbell has written several pieces on his experiences on the Isle of Lewis. Some are collected in Revival in the Hebrides (2015). Finally, find more on Chinese revival in Daryl Ireland, John Song: Modern Chinese Christianity and the Making of a New Man (Studies in World Christian-

ity) (2020).

Surveys and studies of international revival include J. Edwin Orr, The Flaming Tongue: The Impact of Twentieth Century Revivals (1973); Edith Blumhofer and Randall Balmer, eds., Modern Christian Revivals (1993); Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (2002); Lamin Sanneh, Whose Religion Is Christianity? The Gospel Beyond the West (2003); Donald Lewis, ed., Christianity Reborn: The Global Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century (2004); Mark Shaw, Global Awakening: How 20th-Century Revivals Triggered a Christian Revolution (2010); Candy Gunther Brown, ed., Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Healing (2011); and Gina Zurlo, Global Christianity (2022).

Focusing on twentieth-century revivals in North America, especially Pentecostal and Charismatic movements, we refer you to John Sherrill’s They Speak with Other Tongues (1964), which stands as an early classic of the modern Charismatic movement; Richard Quebedeaux, The New Charismatics (1976); Richard Riss, A Survey of 20th-Century Revival Movements in North America (1988); and Edith Blumhofer, Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture (1993). See also Eduard van der Maas and Stanley Burgess, eds., The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (2002); Michael McClymond, ed., Embodying the Spirit: New Perspectives on North American Revivalism (2004) and the encyclopedia he edited, Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America (2007); and finally, Vinson Synan, The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal, 1901–2001 (2012).

If you’re specifically interested in Catholic charismatics, look for Kevin and Dorothy Ranaghan, Catholic Pentecostals (1969) or Edward D. O’Connor, The Pentecostal Movement in the Catholic Church (1971), which focuses on the movement’s early growth at Notre Dame.

Biographical works on some major figures in these awakenings include Vinson Synan and Charles Fox, William J. Seymour: Pioneer of the Azusa Street Revival (2012) and Connie Dawson, John Wimber: His Life and Ministry (2020).

For thoughts from two different eras about what spiritual revival means in a person’s life, take a look at William Buell Sprague, Lectures on the Revival of Religion (1832) and Richard Lovelace, Dynamics of Spiritual Life (1979).

Finally, we turn to those influential in the awakenings described. Jonathan Edwards’s A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), The Life of David Brainerd (1749), and The Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit of God (1744) are especially important in this context. See also the chapters on revival in Michael McClymond and Gerald McDermott, The Theology of Jonathan Edwards (2011); and Thomas S. Kidd’s excellent survey The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America (2009). You may also read William Carey on missions in An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens (1792); and John Greenfield on the Moravian story in Power from on High (1927).

You may read about Sojourner Truth in her own words in Narrative of Sojourner Truth (1850) and in Nancy Koester, We Will Be Free: The Life and Faith of Sojourner Truth (2023). Aimee Semple McPherson writes her story in This Is That (1919); a biography can be found in Edith Blumhofer, Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybody’s Sister (1993). Controversy also surrounded Dennis J. Bennett, who sparked the Charismatic revival among mainline Protestants and told about it in Nine O’Clock in the Morning (1970).

PAST CH ISSUES

Related past issues of Christian History can be read online; some hard copies are still available for purchase.

You’re currently reading the third part of a trilogy on spiritual awakenings and revivals throughout the centuries. If you’ve missed the first two parts, look for:

149: Revival: The First Thousand Years

151: Awakenings

Other pertinent issues include:

1: Zinzendorf and the Moravians

20: Charles Grandison Finney

23: Spiritual Awakenings in North America

25: Dwight L. Moody

36: William Carey and the Great Missions Century

58: The Rise of Pentecostalism

79: African Apostles

92: A New Evangelical Awakening

98: How the Church in China Survived